Flannery OConnors A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay -- A Good Man is

Flannery OConnors A respectable Man is arduous to FindA Good Man is Hard to Find presents a masterful portrait of a woman who creates a self and a world through language. At least(prenominal) that is what Mary Jane Shenck thinks of the Flannery OConnor story. Several different people have several different views of this controversial and climatic work of OConnors. In this paper I will hook on a look at these different views of different situations and characters in this book.First we will take a look at grandmother. She is made to look akin the saint in this story. Her, in contrast to the rest, is the good person, always looking out for the best of others. She is not going on vacation, she is going to visit her connections in Tennessee. While on the drive, to their destination, she sits and admires the scenery as the others are more interested in the funny papers or the sports section. She brings the cat along on the slick for the good of the cat. She didnt want the cat to acc idently kill himself by turning on the gas on the stove or something. She is the Christ-like figure of this story, and this is more relevant at the end of the story when she confronts the Misfit. Just like in so many other OConnor stories the grandmother, the good character, is going to take the hardest fall.The Misfit appears many different ways in this story. His first appearance in the story he seems to be a scholar. Wearing his silver-rimmed glasses and a black hat. This description would also fit a description of a rabbi. This image comes just by looking at his head. His shirtless torso and blue jeans, which didnt quite fit right, and gun in hand, kind of skip us away from thinking of him as being a good man. Of course the limitations of his chara... ...mily is in reference to the disciples. No matter what it the acions were, they followed grandmother, the Christ-like figure. They also were oppressed, but by death, in a way as the disciples were for following Christ.At th e conclusion the reader is left with a vision of destruction of human life two literal and figurative that is absurd rather than tragic because the victims are not heroic figures reduced to misfortune, They are ordinary characters who meet a grotesque fate. full treatment CitedCurrie, Sheldon. A Good Grandmother is Hard to Find Story as Exemplum, The Antigonish Review (Spring-Summer 1990)143-55. Short Story Criticism. Vol. 23. 223-225.Schaub, Thomas Hill. A Good Man is Hard to Find. Short Story Criticism. Vol. 23. 233-235.Shenck, Mary Jane. A Good Man is Hard to Find. Short Story Criticism. Vol. 23. 220-223.

Aids And Its Causes :: Free AIDS Essays

AIDS and Its Causes1.INTRODUCTIONIn June 1981, the centers for The Disease Control of the United Statesreported that louvre young homosexual men in the Los Angels area had contractedPneumocystis Carinii pneumonia( a kind of pneumonia that is particularly foundin AIDS patient). 2 of the patients had died. This report signalled thebegninning of an pestilential of a viral disease characterized by immunosuppressionassociated with opportunistic infection( an infection caused by a microrganismthat does not normally produce disease in human it occurs in persons withabnomality functioning immune system), secondary neoplasms( any abnormal growthof new tissue, benign or malignant) and neurologic mainfestation, which has cometo be known as AIDS.though Aids was first discovered in U.S.A, AIDS has been reported frommore than 163 countries around the world and an estimated 10 million people areinfected worldwide. Worsestill, the syndicate of HIV- infected persons in Africa islarge and expandin g.2.RISK GROUP AND MODE OF TRANSMISSIONStudies in the U.S.A. have retentified five groups of adults at stake fordeveloping AIDS. The case distribution in these groups are as follows (1).Homosexuals or bisexual males constitute the largest group, about 60% of thereported cases. This includes 5% who were intravenuous drug as well. (2).Intravenous drug users with no introductory history of homosexuality compose thenext largest group, about 23% of all patients. (3). Hemophiliacs (the people whohave inborn disease characterized by excesssive bleeding and occuring only inmales) especially those who current factor VIII concentrate before 1985, about1% of all patients. (4). Recipents of blood and blood components who are nothemophiliacs but who received tranfusions of HIV-infected whole blood components(e.g. platelet, plasma) account for 2 %. (5). Other high risk groups 86% ofpatients acquire disease through heterosexual contacts with members of otherhigh risk groups. 80% of children wit h AIDS have a HIV-infected parents andsuffer from transplacental or perinatal transmission.Thus from the preceding discussion, it should be aparent thattransmission of HIV occurs under conditions that further exchange of bloodfluids containing the virus-infected cells. Hence, the three major routes oftransmission are sexual contact , parenteral routes( ie adminstration of asubstance not through the digestive system) and the passage of the virus frominfected mothers to their new borns where are mainly by three routes in thewomb by transplacental spread, during delivery through a infected birth canal,and after birth by ingestion of breast milk.3. CAUSESIt is little doubt that AIDS is caused by HIV-I, a human type Cretrovirus ( RNA virus the contains the enzyme, reverse transcriptase , to

Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart - The Clans Beliefs and Christian Beliefs :: Things Fall Apart essays

Things Fall(a) apart - The Clans Beliefs and Christian Beliefs       There atomic number 18 many differences between the Clans beliefs and Christians beliefs. This is illustrated on pages 126-129, in the mention of the one true god. Both the tribe and the Missionaries have different perceptions on who this one true god is. The clan has trouble dread the Christian beliefs as they have lived a tribal existence for so long. They have only ever been aware of their own culture, which makes it hard for them to adjust to the ship canal of the Christians.   On arrival, the missionaries barely understand the tribe. They have very little knowledge of the cultural beliefs or rituals that the tribe revere. It seems inappropriate that they are willing to declare that the villagers beliefs are false. He told them that they worshipped false gods, gods of timberland and stone. They dont even acknowledge that this too is a successful community, which works well under its method of religious law. They wee it upon themselves to change the religion or make it civilised, not respecting the fact that maybe the villagers were already content with what they had.   The missionaries believe in one supreme god. This god is the creator of all the world and all the men and women who inhabit the Earth. They believe that all men go for judgement before him when they die, and that all men who worship false gods of wood and stone would be thrown into a fire that burned like palm oil. If the lord saves their soul from sin they will have eternal life in heaven with god, who is also eternal. They bury the body of the deceased in the ground, but believe their soul goes up to heaven if they have accepted the lord in their heart. The missionaries believe that Christianity is the only right religion, why else would they be so intent on conversion and spreading the word of Jesus Christ? This creates conflict with the tribe, as the Clan are content wi th their way of life and do not wish to change.   The Clan has a different perception when it comes to the gods.

Essay example --

Reasons Why Diamond Bangle Bracelets Should Be Included In Your Weeding Day Shopping nominate The espousals is the most important and exciting day in the life of a person. It is a day which signifies not just the relationship of the bride and groom, but withal their immediate families, friends and society. This is the reason why all brides are generally excited about their bridal jewelry be it earring, ring, necklace or sparkling bracelet. Which bracelet should you admit for your wedding day? There are actually many options available in the market but infield gaud bracelets for women remain the best plectrum for most people. These bridal bracelets add elegance to the brides wrist. They are stylish and beautiful, and they impart not just add sparkle to the wedding but will also make statement about your style. You can push diamond bangle bracelets for women in various designs ranging from subtle and striking to bold or dainty. For very long time, diamond has been popular cho ice wedding bangle bracelets because it symbolizes everlasting admire. Bangle bracelets made of diamond will add touch of elegance to your wedding gown, as well as sophistication top your entire wedding attire. Many women love rings and bracelets that match the color of the wedding gown, and thus diamond bangle bracelets have gained popularity all over the world. In most weddings you will find that the bride has adorned her wrist with dazzling, beautiful diamond bracelet. In terms of look, bangle bracelets made of diamond are gorgeous and thus they will add sparkle to the eyes of all those who attend your wedding. All brides, regardless of their age love diamond bangle bracelets If you are a bride, you can choose your favorite from the various options available such... ... you believe that you are not failting a expose deal, walk away and go to another pawn shop. Let the clerks and sales people realize that you are not desperate, and can afford to wait until you get a better deal. Before you take your jewelry to the San Francisco pawn shop, make them as presentable as possible. Clean them to make them as presentable as possible. If you still have the original packaging in which they came, take it with you to the pawn shop. No matter how expensive your piece of jewelry is, you must ensure that you keen it. Never take the jewelry to the pawn shop while it is in bad shape, or dirty. If the jewelry is made of gold, make sure that you also inform yourself with the current gold prices. As long as you follow the tips mentioned above, you can go to the local San Francisco pawn shop with a great deal of self-belief, to get best deals.

drugs Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout history, America has been fighting against drug and alcohol clapperclaw in teens and adults. Many shipway companies and anti drug groups try to prevent drug and alcohol abuse is through education in school systems and out of school systems. They teach new(a) students about drugs and alcohol before they risk being around them, and they teach older students about drugs while they are around in their daily lives. atomic number 18 these education programs really necessary? Thats the question many people ask, and also the question Im going to attempt to answer. The government is normally the group that attempts to educate people about the causes and effects of drugs and alcohol through programs such as D.A.R.E (drug abuse resistance education) or S.M.A.R.T. (Specific Measurable Achievable graphic Time-Specified objectives). D.A.R.E. tries to educate kids about drugs and alcohol while S.M.A.R.T. conducts studies to see how effective these programs really are. There get to been several studies done that failed to catch out any value in the DARE program. About 26 million American school children are taught to resist the lure of drugs and alcohol by the DARE program, a examine showed that roughly of the students who took the 17 week DARE program ended up using drugs and alcohol at the same rate as children who learned about them in a normal health class. Many people think that DARE is the magic bullet to solve the drug and alcohol problems in the nation. Another case conducted in Illinois on about 1800 students, showed that DARE students used the same amount of drugs who did not take the program, and another study concluded that DARE students were more in all likelihood to use drugs than students without the education. Many tax payers demand to see what impact their money is having on substance abuse. The SMART program conducts many tests to show how effective or ineffective the use of drug and alcohol prevention or education programs really are. SMART has come to a conclusion that there is a shadowy Hypothesis, which means that X education programs has no significant effect in bringing substance abusers into long term abstinence. In 1995 SMART studied nearly 1000 people, from these they were able to find 99 who were discharged with the notation of treatment complete. Of these 99 they selected 50 people at random and were able to find only 18 of those 50 people, and of those 18 people, on... ...codes only through contract rights. At Indiana University-Bloomington, alcohol is prohibited in all on-campus undergraduate residences superintend by the University, and in all other areas open to the public. While that is the rule, enforcement is difficult. Using a strong enforcement hand is very difficult, and not well accepted by students and many parents. These students were educated about the rules of alcohol at their college and also about the causes and effects of alcohol to the body and brain, but they still do not harken and studies show that they still drink regardless of what prevention program they underwent when they were teens. As you can see, and as the results from all the studies done show, drug and alcohol education programs have little and sometimes absolutely no effect on the use of drugs and alcohol among students any age. Teens in high school, or adults in college, they all abuse drugs and alcohol no matter what drug education program they went through. Many people are even killed through the use of drugs and alcohol. The government needs to pull in that educating people about drugs only makes them aware that the drugs are out there and available to them.

drugs Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout history, America has been fighting against drug and alcoholic beverage ab theatrical role in teens and adults. Many ways companies and anti drug bases try to prevent drug and alcohol abuse is through culture in school systems and out of school systems. They teach young students near drugs and alcohol before they risk being around them, and they teach older students about drugs while they are around in their daily lives. Are these education programs really necessary? Thats the question some concourse ask, and also the question Im going to attempt to answer. The government is usually the group that attempts to groom people about the causes and effects of drugs and alcohol through programs such as D.A.R.E (drug abuse resistance education) or S.M.A.R.T. (Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-Specified objectives). D.A.R.E. tries to educate kids about drugs and alcohol while S.M.A.R.T. conducts studies to see how effective these programs really are. There have be en several studies done that failed to find any value in the make bold program. About 26 million American school children are taught to resist the lure of drugs and alcohol by the DARE program, a studied cross-fileed that most of the students who took the 17 week DARE program ended up using drugs and alcohol at the same rate as children who learned about them in a normal health class. Many people think that DARE is the magic bullet to solve the drug and alcohol problems in the nation. Another study conducted in Illinois on about 1800 students, showed that DARE students used the same amount of drugs who did not take the program, and another study concluded that DARE students were more likely to use drugs than students without the education. Many tax payers demand to see what impact their money is having on substance abuse. The SMART program conducts many tests to show how effective or inefficient the use of drug and alcohol prevention or education programs really are. SMART has co me to a conclusion that there is a Null hypothesis, which means that X education programs has no significant effect in bringing substance abusers into long term abstinence. In 1995 SMART studied some 1000 people, from these they were able to find 99 who were discharged with the notation of treatment complete. Of these 99 they selected 50 people at random and were able to find solely 18 of those 50 people, and of those 18 people, on... ...codes only through contract rights. At Indiana University-Bloomington, alcohol is prohibited in all on-campus undergraduate residences supervised by the University, and in all other areas open to the public. While that is the rule, enforcement is difficult. Using a strong enforcement hand is very difficult, and not well accepted by students and many parents. These students were educated about the rules of alcohol at their college and also about the causes and effects of alcohol to the body and brain, but they still do not listen and studies show that they still drink regardless of what prevention program they underwent when they were teens. As you can see, and as the results from all the studies done show, drug and alcohol education programs have bittie and sometimes absolutely no effect on the use of drugs and alcohol among students any age. Teens in high school, or adults in college, they all abuse drugs and alcohol no matter what drug education program they went through. Many people are even killed through the use of drugs and alcohol. The government needs to realize that educating people about drugs only makes them aware that the drugs are out there and available to them.

Managing and developing people Essay

IntroductionIn this part of my course change by reversal, I will be explaining a group activity or teal crop in our pedigree which is the uplifted school musical st twains which is exclusively about selling merchandise convergenceion. In this police squad Im the unrivaled participating of this aggroup and I hope that I will work mighty my responsibility in my police squad. In our group activity in our squad will be working on group structure which is defining our duties and responsibility inner(a) the business and the foregoers bolt will to a fault be discussed manner that what types of requireership style we employ to managing our people at work. Also I must evaluate the team theorist which is applic satisfactory in our team and discussing the incompatible factors that guess the functioning level of team work means what potpourri of skills or qualities of our team members inside the business.On the group activity with my team, we are working on the type o f planning, technique and preparation of our merchandise business. Our business will be selling High School Musical merchandise inside from the College of Archbishop where they overhear a high school musical concert. Our business will provide and selling different sorts of High school musical merchandise items and we selling sweet viands as well. In our preparation we arrange the tables at heart two parts so that when the peoples attack, they calculate our selling products.Team WorkingAbout the team working it is important to consider my avow job in team in the business. Team working for me is to promote my other team workers to create genuine advance distributively other so that apprize lead a wide range of smashing team working as a group which nooky lead to high propel. The Diagram below shows our team structure in our business, which besides belbin team working roleIn this structure of our team, its shows that our team have a different duties and responsibilitie s to run a business, including making objectives with the business. Our team draw which Sean helps us to improved our decision and giving guidelines on making aims and objectives inside from the business.In my idea, I will decide to working in Resources investigator for the chosen role within the business which is High School musical Product which is all about responsible for all resources within the business. As the Resources investigator, I will ensuring as a team a good confabulation with my other team workers in the business, gives a team a rush of enthusiasm at the start of the project within the business. In my role as a Resources tec I will be probably the most immediately likeable members of the team. My job is to keep good at communicating with people both inside and outside the attach to. This job is natural negotiators and adept at exploring new opportunities and developing contacts. As the role of the team, I will be bringing new ideas, experienceing and developme nt as a team. This may be physical, financial or human resources, political support, information or ideas. Being highly driven to capture connections with people, the Resource Investigator may appear to be flighty and inconstant, but their ability to call on their connections is highly useful to the team.My team had the role of cosmos the coordinator (which is Sean) His Function is coordinator as a team which is organiser and good communication. The Sharper (Sean role) which is taking charge in all staff performance like their absences etc, On our HSM stall team group, we decided to take Sean as a Manager price because we know that he do-nothing handle on organising the prices of the product we sell. The gear up (Claudia Role) which the innovator of the group and planning the different ideas, suggestion and proposal on how to success the business we made. Also Claudia working as a budgeting of the business which manipulation all profit making in the business and buying all s tock to sell. The monitor evaluator (Thom role) which is to analysing all idea and plan within the business, also they must step into feeds a contribution before the final decisions are made from the other team in the business.Thom also organising selling our product in different location or area, at this task Thom must gift sure that the place for selling to the customer is organism appropriate and where more customers coming in that area. The implementer (Kevin Role) which provides a good organiser and administrator with planning and scheduling the entire task needed in the business. The team worker (Drew Role) which supporting and encourage from the team, his job is also the problem solver within the group. The firer (Kyle Role) His job is to ensure the group meets its targets, both terms on time and quality. Also Kyle must usually checking all the details about the task doing on time, to ensure if in that location is something wrong with the task, it can be prevent qui ckly. The specialist (Claudia Role) the last role of the team where must have familiarity and skills of the required the entire task needed to the business.We figured out which roles we both fit into once we had started working together as a team in the business. Here on, we fell into our roles automatically and as well ask it further from there. We found it easier that splitting up our roles shared out the responsibility. My team group both still be working on the same task but we would take different parts of the task as our skills would be different. We found that this gave the shell output as the best of our skills were put to use.The benefits of making own task and responsibilities as a team for the business is where I getting experience on how to deal with the customers, its likely when I was selling HSM folders for our product which is quite hard to sell because its expensive and the product is quite not popular to the people means poor varieties and people dont like it, however I have experience and idea on how to improve on selling product the customers. This means that I identify the different methods and strategies to improved selling from the customers its like giving more information about the product, proving good pricing strategies and other types of customer services. These can be increasing our range of product selling to the customers because we will provide a very good strategy of customer satisfaction. distributively team will have its own unique limitations, based on the skills and characteristics of the team members, resource and time constraints, and length of time together. In my contribution as a team, it will face limitations resulting from common factors, such as the human tendencies that can be results of absence of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, avoidance of accountability, and in trouble to the team which can be lead not supporting with others which can be poor range of productivity and can be risky for our orga nisation.So that I must aware that I will ensure that I understand what my common goal in the business we made, attending and helping any kind of work, and helping on the member of the team to avoid and problems coming in our business.The hardest part of working with my team is where I will provide a high performance level to recognise out team as a first place. It can challenge for me to increase our productivity and quality in the business. So that in members of the team must contribute different skills and express the individual interest and opinions to achieve the common goal in the business. However there is also limitation for me to working as a team within the business.For my own limitation in the team, I imply Im very faint to talk for the team on what information I need to talk about which can be lead a poor communication each other and I did not sharing my other information within the team which also cause of unprepared and misleading work. In this case, as a team member of this business, I need to share my knowledge to my group and talk what other information I know to create a good impact of motivation and creating good communication with my team. Also as a member of the team, I showing that I hard working and doing my role correctly so that they can trust on me as a resources investigator in the business. For me working on the team must always share and somatic with each other to planning and organising work.The benefits of good team working in the our business is team working is efficient, means that our team gets the work done instant(prenominal) because of our desire to improved the customer satisfaction in our product and increasing our profit and growth in the business. Its like when have a large task, it can be broken down and getting into the smaller task which is easier for my team to work. Another benefit of team working in the business is that have a unique skills which can be combined and used to benefits within the business to maki ng discontinue product which can lead increasing the creativity in our team inside from the business.This can be done if our team have a desire to improve the customer services and high growth in the business. In the relationship within the team is like important to our business as well because they can help people run better with one another, and friendships contribute to the job satisfaction. In that case our team will be comfortable relying each other and individual can be developing their own skills which can be future success in the business. We are more motivated working as a team because we felt that there is a loyalty and reward means that we tried our best to improved the future growth for our business is the future. The last thing is we also benefits for being to able to learn a new skills from each other which means that we sharing skills and qualities each other for making successful business growth in the business.The limitation of our guild is like if one of our mem ber of the team didnt corporate or sharing information on political campaign a business, Its possible that our business vent down and going to saturation and decline stage because people inside from the business havent dont care on cooperating and running a business, Or even if one members of the team have a mistake for making a decision within the business, it can be lead a poor quality product and services or misleading. Another limitation for our company is the merchandise product we sell has not well profuse profit because of the bad quality to the eye of customers and selling a very high price each product which leads a poor profit within the business.Its is because we have not using a pricing strategies in the business, my team has responsibility to talk each other and comment what pricing strategies we using so that people encouraging to buy our merchandise product. But opportunely in the second day and third day selling a merchandise product to the customers is gaining a profit and the level of the product we selling to our customers is high which means that people like our services and the amount of prices we sell from them. And the last limitation for our company is we buy many stocks for our merchandise product which did not consume a higher profit that we expect to be. But hopefully we have our money rear end that we spent for all our stock in the business which is kind of successful in the team.Leadership StyleThere are numbers of different style of draws that can used when organising and motivating peoples inside from the business. There are many types of leadership that can be found in the organisation which can be big impact to the employee or employees in the business. It can be affect the morale, and affecting in their work. Obviously, any businesses want to get the best performance on the workplace. The effective leadership must have a good knowledge on how maintaining the good performance people in the business. These can be lead to ma ke greater good performance level, high motivated and good environmental and happy working in the organisation.However, bad leadership in the company while be occur that can lead staff laziness, absenteeism, misconduct and it could be one of the future risk in the business. One of this is dictator/Autocratic are leaders that tell their teams on what kind of job they do rather than just asking what kind of role they like, in this kind of style is that decisions can be lead very quickly and no wasting time for discussing for the business. This leadership is strict to their employees or workers. However, this will discipline the workers and that could lead to a high production. Employees working on an Autocratic leadership I think are not motivated as much as democratic, because being strict on your employees will not motivate them, instead they will have bad feelings towards on the boss.Democratic leadership means a leader allows all employees to work and taking responsibility within the business, and making their own decisions within their framework. I think that democratic style of leadership has a good effect especially for the employees. They will feel motivated because their leaders have trust on them and this will encourage their employees to make decisions. This is employees or workers are motivated because they felt that they are important in the company. In other words, more efficient is done, and people tend to have a little more respect to each other since everyone seems to be equal. Employees or workers might get slightly less work and more productive and proactive.However Businesses cant pass any mistakes from the decision making process and not all members giving their ideas to use. Laissez Fair means leaders who just giving work and responsibilities to take task, deadlines and allowing them to complete the task. Also they feel that they empowered employees allowed to work they own. The benefits of this style are the team getting more creative an d bring more ideas within the business. However there is a problem that the leaders from the business did not like the employees produce the production or the services which can be poor production, and poor communication in the business.Sean which is the team leader of our team used a democratic leadership style which providing organising, and monitoring the team to our merchandise business. Sean make decision for all members of the team on what members doing, technique on what type of what type of pricing strategies we going to used to sell our product and what kind of presentation we going to used to impress our customers to buy. But our leader giving framework of what type of merchandised we had to provide to sell and when we had to sell it. Sean making this type of leadership style its because we were able to make our team decision each other and deciding on what duties and responsibility we going to decided when the events is going to start.A leadership is also can be a proacti ve and reactive leaders proactive leadership leaders are responsibility on business prediction on what might go by in the daily bases or in the future, also they work with the member of the staff to determine potential problems and opportunities. On the other hand reactive leadership is where leaders are one that just deals with the situations as they arise.They are not innovative, preferring to follow the example of the other managers. So for leader of our business, Sean was a reactive leader because he did not predict what might be happen if our business is going to expand, but Sean demonstrates the pricing technique to sell our product to make more customers, also Sean planning how to do them before the day of our selling merchandise. This kind of work we doing in the team is allowed to not waste time before the selling day and some things might be wrong, but we must have time to ready and prepared for the day that we sell to make sure that no future risk are happen with us.Tea m TheoristsBelbinDr Meredith Belbin is a British researcher and management theorist, best known for his work on management teams for niner years from his team which is based in Henley Management College in UK. Belbin study on how to create a successful team working with 9 different types of behaviors which is known as team roles wikipedia.com.Also he is best known for his team-role theory enabling better understanding of the roles played by team members and how team interactions can be adjusted to increase team effectiveness. Belbin identified that sometimes people have their own strength and weaknesses to each roles. The basic premise of the Belbin team roles theory is quite simple. When individuals become aware of their own strengths and abilities, and understand the role that he or she is capable of playing within a team, it helps them to deal better with the demands of the team environment. http//www.teambuildingportal.com/articles/systems/belbin-team-rolesBelbin theory is div ided into 3 roles which are Action Oriented Role include shaper, implementer, completer/fisher. People skills Oriented Roles the coordinator, team worker and resources investigator. Cerebral/ intellectual Role Planter, Monitor/Evaluator and specialist. I draw the table and it shows each Belbin team roles what the strength and weaknesses each rolesTeam RoleStrengthsWeaknesses manufacturerImproving the team working (Motivated), can handle work pressures and has the courage to overcome obstacles.Argumentative, and those they may offend peoples feelings.ImplementerConservative, disciplined people who work systematically, efficiently and are very well organised.Implementers may be inflexible and somewhat resistant to change.Completer FinisherThe completer/finishers strength lies in meticulousness, attention to detail and the ability to meet deadlines.However, a Completer-Finisher may worry unnecessarily and find it hard to delegate.CoordinatorThey are often excellent listeners and the y are naturally able to recognise the value that each team members brings to the table. They are calm and good-natured and delegate tasks very effectively.Their potential weaknesses are that they may delegate away too much personal responsibility, and may tend to be manipulative.Team workerGood listener, being collaborative, co-operative, easy going and tactful.Their weaknesses may be a leaning to be indecisive, and maintain uncommitted positions during discussions and decision-making.Resources InvestigatorDevelop contacts, communicate well, explore new ideas and opportunities, and bring enthusiasm and drive to the team effort.On the downside, they may have enthusiasm quickly, and are often overly optimistic.PlantProblem solver, Original and making new ideas and creativePoor communicators and can tend to ignore habituated parameters and constraints.Monitor EvaluatorGood judgment, good strategic thinking ability and very strategicPoor motivators who react to events rather than ins tigating themSpecialistProvide knowledge and skillswho can contribute information and knowledge in a team situation.Limitation for their contributionI think the strength and weaknesses to our team is based when we work together for out business. Its like when one member want to change a job, obviously they do not want that roles but I think our sharper in the team which is Sean is they provide a good motivator for our team which can be driven to complete our task with no quetch happen. I was the resources investigator of our team which bringing new ideas and opportunities for my team.The implementer who is my brother Kevin was able to discipline with us during our work and being able to help new ideas as well to complete the work. Kyle is the completer for our time which making sure that all work must be done on time. The coordinator and specialist which is role of Sean and Claudia which means set up and organising our team and specialist which teaching us what we do next session. The team worker and monitor evaluator role of drew and Thom is where help us to communicate clearly and the last one is Claudia role which is plant which she bringing new ideas and one of our problem solver making in our team.For our team I see that all Belbins team working responsibilities are covered and hopefully that we successful our team in future making. If there is any problem with our team, we make sure that we solved the problem immediately.

Strategic Management: Strategic Directions Folloed by Virgin Atlantic

Contents 1)Executive Summary 2)Introduction of Company 3)External Environment 4)Company fiscal Performance 5)Competitive Strategy 6)Strategic Direction of evolution 7)Methods of Development 8)Conclusions and Recommendations 9)Resources 10)Appendices 1)Executive Summary This report aims to evaluate the up-to-the-minute strategic directions followed by gross(a) Atlantic. Initially we discuss the organisations mission statement and recognise how the vision of the beau monde is reflected though the strategic objectives.It is established at CSR plays an important role maven consummate(a) Atlantic as it is seen to energise principles and high standards on acceptable behaviour, BBC word of honor (2009). External genes ar evaluated using a PESTLE analysis and it is made clear that the Airline Industy as a whole is vile pecuniaryly in the scotch turndown. With the come up publicised fear of global warming and the level of emissions air lanes ar giving off is resulting in the g overnment driven pressure on stark(a) Atlantic and former(a)s to find moods of reducing their C02 output by increasing fuel costs, double-dyed(a) Atlantic (2009).Social trends argon examined to determine the appeal of air travel and why consumers continue to fly with sumptuousness skyways like new Atlantic over smaller no frills airlines. The financial performance of gross(a) Atlantic is analysed over a 5 course of study blockage looking at key proportions to determine the sales and profitability of the organisation. These results are compared to British Airways financial figures as well as Ryanairs to get a better understanding of how financially secure virginal Airline is financially in comparison to its competitors.An analysis is then conducted of the organisations competitive schema which identifies, using Porters 5 Forces, that virginal Atlantic fall under differentiation focus strategy as they offer premium priced products for a high woodland service. Results from Ansoffs extend vector determine the strategic direction of the Airlines development. The airlines growth remains competitive through demand in existing commercializes with existing products as well as newly developed matchlesss.The methods of development are place as code-sharing agreements between different airlines, allo advanceg them to make use of each others resources at minimum costs. It was concluded that, due to the succeeder of saturated Atlantics current 3 year strategic direction, the airline should extend this strategy. Other strategic concepts where recommended regarding the fight for climate change and they way in which the airline positions itself through branding. 2)Introduction to Company staring(a) Atlantic was launched by founder Richard Branson on the 22nd June 1984 Virgin Airline (2009). . 1. The vision of the airline was to offer high quality services combined with good treasure for money. Working in Music labor for many years Branson himself kne w little about the aviation persistence therefore he used the advice of his partner, Freddie Fields to manage the venture along with his technical manager Roy Gardner Management Today (1998). As a result of working in the Music Industry Branson was all too familiar with celebrity obsessed culture and thus he packed the first flight was between capital of the United Kingdom and Newark Liberty with some well known celebrities.Virgin Atlantic credit the use of the famous faces seen travelling on the inaugural fight as one of the factors of success in launching the airline, Virgin Atlantic (2009). 2. 2. Virgin Atlantic employs a three year strategy which thus far has proved successful. The success has been down to their sound business model which is defined by their Mission Statement To Grow a profitable airline, where mess love to fly and people love to work. Virgin Atlantic (2009)Low cost airlines offer a typically narrow service where as Virgin Atlantic, through their code-shari ng agreements position themselves as offering a broad range of exotic destinations for people who are imparting to pay premium prices. This business model has the key understanding that the way in which the product is positioned and the experience provided travelling by virgin Atlantic, will ensure customers will travel again and again thus allowing them to achieve their long-term strategic objectives of increasing profits and packageholder values. 2. One of the key factors in the business model is how Virgin Atlantic provide a unique fleeting experience, virgin maintain this positive feeling with the friendly flight attendants and the positive attitudes they show customers. The airline ensures the happiness of staff with fair wage, discounts on fairs as well as loyalty schemes. The intimately public display of loyalty towards staff was in 2009 when Virgin Atlantic employees were given 2 free flights to any of the airlines destinations as part of the 25th anniversary of Virgin Atlantic Daily Mail (2009).This generosity towards the staff has the same principles applied by its airline services, the idea of luxury onboard the aircrafts and the knowledge that you will be come ton care of. 2. 4. Thomson and Martin (2005) believe that customers play a key part in an organisations business model as they are ones who the services are specifically tailored to. In the 80s when Virgin Atlantics vision was launched, the glamour of air travel had dominating and air travel was seen as an expensive style of getting from a to b.People had forgotten what air travel was all about, and the ideal of jet riding horse across the world in luxury was seen available only to those who where famous. The vision introduced encouraged people to pay much that admit better value for money and made the whole air travel experience pleasurable. Virgins Growth is testimite to how effective the initial vision of the company was and shows that their mission today is exactly what custom ers are looking for in a service provider. 2. 5. Corporate Social Responsibility also takes a key stance in Virgin Atlantics business model.The companys strong stance in responsible business is heavily publicised by the media, especially when it comes to environmental factors. Richard Branson has publicly promise to invest profits of his travel organisations into the research and development of alternative fuel and renewable energy Mallen Baker (2006). Virgin Atlantic is committed to reducing our environmental impacts where we can by becoming a more efficient business, leading the industry to practical and technical solutions and engaging, inspiring and empowering our staff and customers to help us concur-to doe with this challenge Virgin Atlantic (2009). . 6. The airline was also the first of its kind to trial an alternative fuel which was created from a combination of coconuts and Brazilian Babassu nuts, BBC News 2008. Virgin Airline also have strong policies on equality and av oiding discrimination, this was pushed into the media when 13 of the airlines staff where sacked after describing the passengers as chavs on the social networking web site Facebook, a spokesperson for the airline tell It is impossible for these cabin crew members to uphold our high standards of customer service f they hold these views. BBC News 2008. This very public stance on social responsibility, especially when it comes to environmental factors, imposes the public interest that Virgin Atlantic employ especially when it comes to decision making and panorama their strategic objectives. Reidenbach and Robin (1995) have produced a spectrum of 5 ethical/unethical responses and I believe that Virgin Airline would fall under ethically set-aside(p) and, Actively want to do the right thing and be seen doing soThe companies mission states that they want to be a profitable airline & their CSR stance assures the consumers that Virgin Atlantic have principles and although they want t o be a profitable airline they will not achieve this strategic objective expense of the planet and the people who inhabit it. 3)External Factors There are a number of orthogonal factors which can affect not only the environmental stability of Virgin Atlantic but the attractiveness of the airline industry as a whole.Such factors can be determined by conducting a PESTLE abbreviation, a PESTLE outline is a business model designed by looks at 6 different factors (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal & Ethical Issues) and aims to evaluate the impact these factors will have on the Organisation. 3. 1. Political &Legal Factors The main political factors which affect the airline industries stability and attractiveness is the current tax policy employed by the government.Due to the speedy decrease of sustainable fuels and with concerns of global warming stronger than ever the Conservative party plan to increase the Air Passenger Duty (APD) up to 113% by November 2010 if they w in at the election, Virgin Airline (2009). This will mean an increase in fares thus affecting the attractiveness of the air travel & may have portentous impacts on Virgin Airlines profits. Interest pass judgment set by the government may affect any loans that the Airline have taken out.The exchange rates on currency may also provide issues when the company need to trade currency for customers on board an aircraft moving between the uk and America etc. Legal factors which may affect the attractiveness of the airline industry would be legislation on health & safely, wages and airline regulations in terms of preparedness and quality standards. tag-sharing agreements, which we have established plays a key role in the success and growth or Virgin Atlantic, may be put in to jeopardy if there is conflict between countries which could potential difference affect the air space in which Virgin Atlantic travels.It would be important for the company to have alternative routes put in place allowing them to still get to their chartered destinations in case this type of situation were to occur. Starting in 2012, the EU substance will require all airlines to hold emission permits in order to operate this was designed as a means of reducing the production of greenhouse gases. This is something which will effect Virgin Atlantic & they will have to do research into the costs of the permits & analysis how this will affect the company financially. 3. 2. Economic FactorsThe economic factors affecting the airline industry as a whole would be mainly the current economy. With less disposable income the demand for travel has fallen The cartridge clips (2009), and the airline may to look at competing with low budget airlines in 2010. The business side of air travel is the most expensive to run and has been touched the worst with the rises in fuel costs Mintel Report (2007). Branson has stated publically that the airline would no doubt overcome the recession but that the first discriminate aspect of air travel would dwindle, Daily Mail (2009).The financial information reported, which will be addressed in the next section Company Financial Performance , indicates that Bransons prediction is correct and that that Virgin Airline will remain stable despite the current recession. This is one such scenario which Virgin Atlantic must address and research in order to determine the environmental stability of the organisation and the ability for it to achieve the 3 year strategy in place. As a result of the recession, Virgin let go off 7% of all employees in 2009 and may have to consider the possibility of let more go in 2010.The airline is not alone as their main competitor British Airways let 4000 jobs go, Daily Mail (2009). 3. 3. Social Factors & Ethical Issues The main social trend which could impact the airline industries attractiveness would be attitudes and emphasis on safety. After the terrorist attacks in September 2001, the thought if flying was unsuffe rable to most. There is still the threat of terrorism and thus its no surprise that many individuals are still concerned about their safety when flying.Virgin Atlantic would have to make sure that they have procedures in place to deal with such situations and ease any concerns individuals have about flying. They have set up a course for those individuals who have a fear of flying which takes place in Local Airports Virgin Atlantic (2010). As previously stated there is an obsession with the celebrity culture and the ideal of traveling to exotic locations in luxury, personnel casualty into the next decade it is important that this trend of social placement remains important and popular as this is the brand image which Virgin Atlantic is associated with.If this social factor was to change it would severely impact the attractiveness of the airline industry and subsequently the demand for Virgin Atlantics services would be affected. The main ethical issue which is affecting the attract iveness of the airline industry is the emissions let of by the aircrafts. Aviation is responsible for 2% of emissions worldwide and global warming is a huge issue in todays society, with many individuals dedicated to the social trend of going green in a bid to save the planet.Virgin Atlantic remain actively involved in the research and development of alternative sustainable fuels and have joined a voluntary agreement proposed by the airline industry to reduce emissions by 50% in 2050 compared to that of 2005 . 3. 4 Technological Factors Virgin Atlantic has been at the oral sex of technology, starting in the eighties when it was the first airline to have individual Televisions for its air Class Passengers, Virgin Atlantic (2009). With technology in the aviation industry developing from year to year, from new air craft models which reduce emissions to efficient means of checking in customers nd the great figuretainment facilities on board makes air travel is very appealing. Virgin Atlantic offer great entertainment systems as well as spacious and luxury air travel in their Airbus A380, which is the worlds first twin deck aircraft offering a richly functioning restaurants and bars, Boston (2009). This level of technology in the A380 sets the airline before is competitors such as BA and low budget airlines can simply not compete with the level of comfort provided on board. 4)Company Financial PerformanceDespite harsh conditions of the external environment, namely the recession, Virgin Atlantic have remained a successful and profitable airline. In this section, the financial performance of the airline will be analysed over a 4 year period and compared to its main competitor British Airways as well as popular low budget airline Ryanair. 4. 1. The first area we will look at is turnover. The turnover indicates the level of business that each airline has achieved over a yearly period, changes in turnover can be impacted by changes in external factors which result i n a decrease of sales.Virgin Atlantics turnover is much less compared to their competitors. This is not a true distinction of the financial performance of an organisation but the money they derive from sales can indicate the demand one airlines service over another. Although a company may have a high sales turnover, the real profitability is determined by taking the pre-tax profits and dividing these by the turnover, Thomson and Martin 2005. 4. 2. Pre-tax profits To establish the financial success of the Virgin Atlantic we will firstly look at the pre-tax profits of the airline & that of its chosen competitors.Pre-tax profits Ryanair (thousand 000) Ryanair (2005/9) Pre-tax profits- British Airways (Millions ? ) British Airways (2005/9) They key factor to note in all three pre-tax profits charts is that the recession in 2008 has impacted both low frills airlines and British Airways. Both airline reported losses, the most significant being that of BA at ? 401 Million. Despite the ex ternal factor of climate change Virgin Atlantic has managed to not only sustain its financial performance but to almost doubled their pre-tax profits from the previous year, with recorded pre-tax profits of ? 68. 4 Million. 4. 3.Profit Margin Virgin Atlantic is the only one to have maintained their profit margin over 2008. Ryanair & British Airways have made significant losses, whilst Virgin Atlantics profit margin is growing. This effective shows how much of an impact the economy has on the airline industry and means that Virgin Atlantic will have to keep cost of sales, administration, the change and dispersion costs of tickets down in order to remain profitable. 4. 4. Gearing Ratio The average gearing ratio in the airline industry is around cl% while some companies who are struggling in the recession are as high as 380%.Another key statistic in determining Virgin Atlantics financial position is the gearing ratio. The gearing ratio measures the return on capital employed and ind icates any financial risks. The principle is that the higher(prenominal) the gearing ratio the more vunerable the company is. Year Gearing (%) 2005 284. 76 2006 209. 82 2007 199. 92 2008 189. 44 2009 183. 18 As you can see from the table above Virgin Atlantic is slightly over the recommended average in the aviation industry but their vulnerability and financial risk is decreasing year on year following the demand for their services. 5.Competitive Strategy A clear competitive strategy is key in the success of an organisation meeting its strategic objectives. In order to establish Virgin Atlantics Competitive strategy we will be using Porters Generic Strategic Framework, a plot is shown below. consort to Porters theory there are 5 forces used to analyse the industry 5. 1. Threat of New Entrants. As with any industry the more new airlines that enter the market, the more saturated it becomes. The most important factors in the airline industry in retaining loyalty are brand name recog nition and frequent fliers transfer s.Virgin Atlantic have spent the past 25 years building their polished and somewhat sexy image which is so appealing to flyers today. Virgin Atlantics strong brand name and discounts for loyal air travellers will give them the power to gain a customer even if its prices are slightly higher than its competitors. 5. 2. Power of Suppliers. Boeing and Airbus are two of the main air craft manufacturers. Their aircrafts are used by Virgin Atlantic and majority of its competitors, therefore there is no real competition between them. 5. 3 Power of Buyers. Due to there being a low choice in suppliers in the aviation industry and taking into account that switching all Virgin Atlantics 38 air crafts to another supplier would be very costly, the airline do not have power over the suppliers. 5. 4. Availability of Substitutes. Substitute products and services may be a concern of some airlines, especially smaller regional firms. However when it comes to Virgi n Atlantic they have routes to some of the best locations in the world, of course there are other premium fare airlines which go to the same destinations but they will not have the same brand image as Virgin.It would just be up to the individual travelling and probably concern the cost remainder between Virgin Atlantic and its Competitors. 5. 5. Competitive Rivalry. There is a certain degree of rivalry in the aviation industry, especially between Virgin Atlantic and British airways. The affects of the competition are more clear in a economic turndown, for example BAs loss of 401 million the year refinement wont be helped by Virgin Atlantics 25th Anniversary which was celebrated all though 2009, offering special promotions and discounted rates. 5. 6.This Analysis would indicate that Virgin Atlantic would fall under differentiation focus strategy. By offering premium priced products for a high quality service Virgin Atlantic has an advantage over its competitors. Porter (1980) 6. S trategic Direction of Development The main strategic direction flowed by Virgin Atlantic in to increase the airlines market share. This growth has been the main strategic objective since 2008 when it was introduced in a 3 year plan. According to Ansoffs Matrix there are four-spot main types of growth, Ansoff (1987). Virgin Atlantics strategic direction would fall under both market penetration & Product Development.The existing market which Virgin Atlantic operates in continues to have a growing demand for the current services which the airline offer. The growth in demand is due to several of the external factors which were discussed earlier, namely the social trend of luxury air travel and the idea of jet setting around the world with a company associated with celebrities and seen to been sexy. The growth in demand is identified in the increased ticket sales over the past few years despite the current recession which is affecting other premium airlines Virgin Atlantic continue to o ut-grow its competitors.The strategic direction of increasing market share could not come at a better time for Virgin with British Airways in massive dept and in a very vulnerable position. It is no secret that if BA were unable to operate that Virgin Atlantic would see a significant increase in the market share. Despite the success of the existing services in the existing markets, it is well known that Virgin Atlantic drive for innovation in product development. As established in the external environmental analysis airline have been at the forefront of technology since they launched in the eighties.By continually updating their fleet of air crafts with the newest gadgets and luxuries, the airlines passengers have a better experience on board and are more likely to travel time and time again with the airline. 7. Methods of Development 7. 1. In order for Virgin Atlantic Airline to grow it entered into a code share agreement with some of the larger names in the airline industry these included Continental Airlines & Jet Airways iloveinda. com (2009). Code sharing agreements are used by companies to make the most of each others resources and according to the Air Transport Association, Code-sharing agreements allow two (or more) airlines to offer a broader array of services to their customers than they could individually. These selling arrangements enable an airline to issue tickets on a flight operated by another airline as if it were its own, including the use of its own two-letter code for that flight. These arrangements allow airlines to market expanded networks for their passengers at minimal expense Air Transport Association (2009) 7. 2.In 1999 Virgin Atlantic also partnered with Singapore airlines who now own 49% of the company, Richard Branson signed the deal as he believed it to be an effective way of offering their customers a wider range of destinations at competitive rates BBC News (1999). 8. Conclusions and Recommendations The diagram created by Rowe et Al in 1989, can be used to determine Virgin Atlantics Strategic direction and determines what type of strategy the airline should undertake going forward. Rowe et Al developed this model based on which he considered to be four important variables.The financial strength of the airline and the advantage it has over its competing airlines makes up the internal strategic direction and the stability of the economy along with the attractiveness of the airline industry as a whole. Throughout this report, the strategic direction of Virgin Atlantic has been discussed and the methods of development evaluated alongside airlines financial performance, taking into consideration the external environment. As a result of this analysis and though Rowe at Als Space Analysis we can conclude that the airline is not only using a aggressive strategy but that their approach is highly competitive.The current strategy employed by Virgin Atlantic is very successful and is essentially the reason why the or ganisation has remained profitable in such times as a recession. I would recommend that Virgin Atlantic extend the current strategy over a longer period of time, all of the areas in this report echo the success of the strategy and how well it fits into the organisations business model. They must make sure that they continue to brand themselves as having a unique selling point with an emphasis on value for money in order to remain competitive.Another recommendation would be to keep the economy boarding which they have on flights, i believe that if this element was stripped away altogether then the airline would further narrow their market further and reduce the potential market shares. With the voluntary target set in the airline industry on cutting emissions by 2050, I would encourage Virgin Atlantic to take a more public stance and be actively involved in the research and development of bio fuels by pairing up with the lead organisation. This would enforce the airlines stance of e thical issues regarding global warming.The way in which the organisation brands itself, being sexy & tongue in cheek, has been constantly one of the most important factors in the airlines success. I recommend that message conveyed with the airlines 25 years still red hot campaign is carried on throughout 2010. Page 12 References Airline vane (2007) Virgin Atlantic Passenger Traffic Increase Online at http//www. get-packing. com/news/flights/archives/august-2007/virgin-atlantic-passenger-traffic-increase. html (Accessed 19th November 2009) Air Transport Association Airline Handbook, Chapter 2, Code Sharing online at http//www. airlines. rg/products/AirlineHandbookCh2. htm (Accessed 1st January 2010) Boston (2009) Virgin Atlantics Airbus A380 online at http//images. google. co. uk/imgres? imgurl=http//cache. boston. com/bonzai-fba/Third_Party_Photo/2005/01/18/1106063427_8542. jpg&imgrefurl=http//www. boston. com/business/gallery/airbus/&usg=__tA9PrCq_sbXx6TAWpndBbvcOSrc=&h=333&w=508&s z=28&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=wm5v998e2jOptM&tbnh=86&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvirgin%2Bairbus%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4TSEH_enGB359GB359%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1 (Accessed online 20th November 2009) BBC News (2008)Airline in first biofuel flight online at http//news. bc. co. uk/1/hi/7261214. short-term memory (Accessed 10th of December 2009). BBC News, Branson sells 49% of Virgin Atlantic online at http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/572516. stm (Accessed 19th November 2009) BBC News (2008) Crew sacked over Facebook posts online at http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/7703129. stm (Accessed 10th December 2009 The Daily Mail (2009) Like A Virgin (Pin-Up) kate Moss Dresses up In A rosy-cheeked Playsuit As She Joins Branson for Virgin Atlantics 25th Birthday online at http//www. dailymail. co. k/tvshowbiz/article-1194691/Like-A-Virgin-PinKate-Moss-dresses-red-joins-Branson-Virgin-Atlantics-25th-birthday. html (Accessed 20th November 2009) The Daily Mail (2009) Virgin Staff meet Bonuses While A iling Rivals BA Urged to Take Pay Cut online at http//www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-1194942/Virgin-staff-bonuses-ailing-rivals-BA-urged-pay-cut. html (Accessed 19th November 2009) Iloveindia. com Virgin Atlantic Airways online at http//www. iloveindia. com/airlines-in-india/international/virgin-atlantic. htm

Food and Beverage Control

Objectives of F&B reassure * Analysis of income and expenditure surgical operation can be expressed in raw profit, net margin (gross wages) and net profit (net margin rent, rates, insurance) * Establishment and maintenance of ideals. SOP (standard operational procedures) * Pricing * Prevention of waste * Prevention of deceit * Management information Problems of F&B control * Perishability of food * Business volume unpredictability/ gross revenue instability Menu mix unpredictability * F&B operation short speech rhythm - little time for many control tasks * departmentalization several production and service departments - separate trading results Fundamentals of control Planning phase Policies pre-determined guidelines * Financial policy level of profitability, subsidy and appeal limits from distributively department * Marketing policy target group * National identicalness * Customer profile Market share same or more percentage of our market * Turnover sales volume incr eased by x% on previous year * Profitability profit increased by each unit by x% on previous year * asp (average spending power) increased by x% or to achieve a new ASP of no less than x * Product same gamy standard * Customer satisfaction net result must be the satisfaction of every customer * Catering policy main objectives of F&B facilities and describe the methods of how this is achieved * character reference of customer * Type of add-in * Beverage provision necessary for operation Food quality standards * Method of buying (contract, cash) * Type and quality of service * Degree of comfort and decor * Hours of operation Operational phase * Purchasing * Product testing (tasting) * Yield testing * Purchase specifications terse description of quality, size, weight etc. * Method of buying * Clerical procedures (who places orders, what documentation necessary for control) * Receiving * Quantity inspection * Quality inspection * Clerical procedures (acknowledgement of the rece ipt, delivery signature) * Storing and issue * Stock records Pricing of concomitants * Stocktaking (how much stress to be held, rate of stock turnover etc. ) * Clerical procedures (what documentation in necessary) * Selling * Checking dodge (number of pointednesss sold) * Control of cash * Clerical procedures Post operation phase * F&B cost reporting (daily or weekly) * Assessment compare reports with budgets and with previous performance * Correction if necessary Reality of control never 100% efficient Setting the budget and break-even analysis * Budget plan which reflects policies and determines the business concern perations for a grouchy trading period * Budgetary control control with particular accountability for budget results is assigned to managers and continuous comparison amongst the actual results and the budgeted figures is do * Objectives of budgetary control * To provide a plan of action, to keep business with its policies and to maximize the full use of r esources * To set standards of performance * To set out levels of cost responsibility and to encourage cost awareness * Capital budgets assets, equipment etc. * Operating budgets day-to-day income and includes sales, cost of sales, labour, maintenance etc.Stages of budgeting 1. Determination of net profit, capital invested and risks involved 2. Preparation of sales budget volume of sales necessary to achieve desired net profit. Also influences budgeted cost for food, labour etc. 3. Preparation of administration and general budgets (office expenses, ad etc. ) 4. Preparation of capital expenditure budget (new equipment, furniture) 5. Preparation of cash budget (cash inflows/outflows, cash chemical equilibrium) 6. Preparation of master budgets (trading account, profit loss account and balance sheet) Costs, profits and sales Material cost = opening stock + cost of purchases closing stock cost of staff meals * Labour costs = wages and salaries * operating cost costs = all other costs Four kinds of costs * Fixed always the same * Semi-fixed depends on volume of sales scarcely not in same proportion (fuel, telephone costs) * Variable in proportion to volume of sales * Total sum of above Profit * Gross profit bring sales cost of materials * After-wage profit/net margin total sales material labour * Net profit total sales total costs (material, labour, overhead cost) Break-even analysis * Based on Selling price, product mix and unit costs remain the same * Only one product is made/sold * Break-even = C/(S-V) * C = total fixed costs * S = sales price * V = variable cost Software systems * Menu provision (popularity and profitability) * Production control (quantities) * Stock management (maintain stock levels) * Purchase ordering (order automatically when minimum stock) * Menu analysis (individual customer scorecard choices recorded) * All of these systems in concert EPOS system Basic concepts * Planning, standard yields, recipes, portion sizes - PYRS * Production planning (or volume forecasting) Goal cost control, purchasing, reduce waste, production on demand, comparison between actual and strength volume of sales * Standard yields * Is the usable part of that product later on initial preparation, or the edible part of the product after preparation and cooking * Goal know how much to buy, safeguard against wastage measurement of efficiency of production, ideal food costing * Standard recipe * Goal accurate costing, fundamental to know nutritional value, useful in kitchen * Standard portion size * Aid to food costing Methods of food control Control cycle * Purchase order * Delivery note Invoice (usually send directly to accounts department) * Requisition Weekly/monthly food cost report * For teentsy business * Simple and quick to make * No intermediate information (only after 7 or 28 days) Daily food cost report * For small to medium-sized business * Simple and easy to follow * Detailed * Corrective action can be take n early in the month * Accuracy is important * Ignores staff meals, food that goes to/from bar - not accurate Calculation of potential food costs 1. Multiply number of each menu item during a sample week by potential food cost per portion - total potential food cost of a week 2.Same with sold portions and menu prices - potential total sales 3. Divide total potential food cost by total potential sales - potential food cost percentage * Necessary information for above calculation * Number of items sold and their selling prices * Standard recipe cards of all menu items * Summary of potential food cost obtained from recipe cards * Average market price for main ingredients Methods of beverage control * Six basic types control of purchasing, receiving, storing and issuing, planning, establishment of standard yields, recipes, portion sizes and inventory * Par stock or bottle control system Beginning stock * Number of empty bottles to be counted and requisitioned for the day * voltage sale s based on quantities issues and compared to actual revenue received * Adjustments made to selling price if necessary * Potential sales value system * gross value of each bottle based on standard size of discombobulate, contents of bottle and selling price for each drink * Full bottles of pot likker potential sales value is the same as selling price * Spirits sold by glass number of drinks x price per drink = potential sales value * Millimeter system * Most accurate EPOS reporting Menu item preference to identify potential menu items that arent doing well and eliminate them from the menu * Menu item profitability * gross sales by meal period to know when to hire more staff or for marketing * Sales by server to identify members of staff who need further training * Category report * Table waiting measure Profit sensitivity analysis (PSA) * Identifying the critical or light upon factors of a business and how they influence the net profit * Method of PSA 1. Identify key factors (number of covers, F&B costs, labour costs) 2. Assume a lurch in one key factor at a time 3.Calculate resulting change in net profit 4. Calculate profit multipliers PM = % of change in net profit / % of change in key factor 5. incline the PMs in order of size 6. Analyze results Menu engineering * Evaluation of menu with regard to its present and future content, design and set * Highlight the good and poor performers on a menu * Customer demand number of customers served * Menu mix customer preference for menu item * Contribution margin (GP% gross profit %) of each menu item (how much earned from item) * Stars popular menu items and high GP% * Plowhorses popular but low GP% Puzzles low popularity but high GP% * Dogs low popularity and low GP% Systems of revenue control * Manual or automated * Sales checks each item ordered and the selling price to be recorded in check pads * Cashiers role check and record the check pads in a check number issue sheet and check pricing of all checks and add taxes Computerized items * Pre-checking systems waiter has own machine key * Pre-set pre-checking system each item on menu has its own key on machine * Electronic cash registers (ECR) EPOS is better so now only for small operations * MPOS handheld/mobile EPOS systemForecasting * How many customers and what will they eat at what time * We need * Sales and turndown history * Cancellations and no show trends * foe data * Market trends * Weather forecast * Methods of forecasting software * Non-linear regression used when time is the independent variable * Multiple regression analysis * bring down analysis * Adaptive filtering Operating ratios * Total F&B sales * Recorded and checked against budgeted sales figure * Done daily for large businesses * Departmental profit * Expenses = costs of F&B labour * Profit = % of departmental sales Ratio of separate F&B sales to total sales * ASP number of items recorded on till roll and total sales * Sales mix food-beverages, appe tizers-coffees-mains * Payroll costs % of sales higher if more service * Index of productivity sales/payroll * Stock turnover * Rate of stock turnover = cost of F&B consumed / average stock value at cost * Number of items that average level of stock has turned over in a given period * Sales per arse available sales value that can be earned by each seat * Rate of seat turnover number of times that each seat is used * Sales per waiter * Sales per m?

Investment and Risk Tolerance Essay

Question 1 How do the concepts of behavioral finance create opportunities for HelloWallet?The occurrent financial advising sites such as HelloWallet as well as its competitors, such as Mint.com and Yodlee, provide cypher and virtual financial advising attend ground purely on drug user bank transactions and spending category. The HelloWallet system al impressions the user to create and track customized budget plan. What is more important is that the system can mechanically provide financial advice and saving tips by using data mining techniques.However, HelloWallet and its competitors do not provide any financial analysis and evaluation based on user behavior and their psychographic characteristics, such as user personality, measure outs, attitudes, interests and jeopardy tolerance in terms of willingness. These psychographic classifications ar extremely relevant with regards to various(prenominal) scheme and insecurity tolerance. Even with the similar bank transactions d ata and spending category, an investor background, past experience, personality and attitudes can make investment turn unique for for each one individual. With the help of behavior finance theory, HelloWallet can take a crap system to fit psychographic profiles to specific behavioral investor profile. As a result, a better understanding of user behavioral tendencies of spending and investment will help to provide better financial advice.An easy and quick way is to build online questionnaire to fit each individual into different behavioral investor types. There are several models we can use, Bar risingall Two-way model, Bailard, Biehl, and Kariser Five model and Pompian model. We use Pompian models as an example. The major reason for promoting Pompian is because it is less time-consuming and less complex. Therefore, it will be easy to be implemented on an online system and require less time spent on filling taboo the survey (as we pointed out in challenge, it is not an easy task to ask online user to fill out survey with a lot of details).Pompian model identifies intravenous feeding behavioral investor types based on risk tolerance and active/passive scale passive preserver, friendly follower, independent individualist and active accumulator. It is a realize down approach which is more efficient and simple by categorizing users into passive and active, then further break down into four types based on their risk tolerance. With these information, the user of HelloWallet will be categorized based on their investment/spending behavior type. Based on these different types, the system can good provide more tailored investment tips and products to users. For example, once a user behavior type is identified, the system can provide saving and investment tips accordingly.For example, when a user is identified to be a passive preserver whose risk tolerance is low and emotional, the system provides low risk financial products (excluding high risk ones), e.g., 2-yea r GICs. In addition, the system can try to persuade the soundness of these financial by focusing on elaborate the goal of these investment (what the terminate value will be and what type of investors these investments for). If investor specify a long term income need, the system can provide financial products on bond index fit their spending goal (contrary to the current systems which spam non-relevant financial products to all the users without differentiate their needs and risk).With the introduce of the behavior investor/user types into the systems, HelloWallet can extend their financial advising service from purely creating budget plan and providing saving tips to a more sophisticated investment approach that fits each individual unique needs and background. For example, HelloWallet is currently capable to recommend a node to apply for a visa with $500 cash in points per year because excessive spending on grocery and large cash deposit 10,000 in the checking account. With the new behavior investor model, it can recommend the same individual to invest short term money markets products if his risk tolerance is low and require short term liquidity (with a list of the products from different dealer) or it can recommend user to buy equity income mutual parentage if their risk tolerance is high and has no need for the cash for the near term.Another advantage and opportunity for the HelloWallet is that behavior finance is a relatively new concept and traditional financial advisor feel uncomfortable to ask customer these psychological questions face to face. It is much easier for the user to interact with a information processing system to fill out the questionnaire. This will help to collect more accurate information to build solid virtual financial advisor- knob relations which also improvement the HelloWallet business in the long term as clients are tend to stick to the same advisor(in our case a virtual financial advisor HelloWallet) if she/he understan ds clients needs better.Question 2 How do the concepts of behavioral finance create challenges for HelloWallet?HelloWallets system creates customized budget plans for the users based on traditional finance and on trend analysis. This poses a challenge to HelloWallet because they do not incorporate the behavioral aspects of their clients. This will lead to creating recommendations that are not suitable to all their clients. galore(postnominal) models have been developed over the years to incorporate behavioral finance traits in the clients portfolios. There are four different models that cause to explain the behavior of individuals and their implications on portfolio construction The Consumption and Savings Model, the Behavioral Asset Pricing Model, the Behavioral Portfolio Theory and finally the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis.Empirical studies gift that some investors exhibit mental accounting where they separate their investments in different accounts in their heads and assign them to different expenses, forgetting to look at them as one portfolio. In this instance this will cause a part of HelloWallets target market to refrain from using their software due to this behavioral trait. Clients that have tribulation aversion and have been suffering from mental accounting will be too scared to adopt HelloWallets service out of fear of realizing that they are in financial distress. Those clients do not have a serious desire and readiness to engage in an assessment of their personal financial health therefore it will limit HelloWallets penetration of this market. This intertwines with cognitive dissonance, where pot avoid facing financial reality. Statistics show that a vast majority of people suffers from that. People feel discomfort from receiving information that contradicts beliefs that are entrenched in their personalities. Therefore, not wanting to face the idea that things may not be ok is a huge barrier for the adoption of HelloWallet by customers.Natural ly humans are prone to resistance to change. They are programmed to stay in their comfort geographical zone and stick to what they are familiar with. Having to take advice from a computer might not be something easily accepted. Moreover, regard to HelloWallet model, clients should incorporate all of their accounts including their assets and liabilities and update them if needed. This process could be a barrier for people suffering for status quo bias. In fact, this bias is an emotional bias in which people tend to do secret code instead of making change. This will affect Hellowallet in two ways. Firstly it will prevent people from registering, as they will prefer sticking with their gray traditional way of managing their finance. Secondly, it will reduce the efficiency of the company model, as people will update their data less frequently making wide any outcome from model of HelloWallet.The way HelloWallet collects clients information is via its software online. Users input the ir answers to HelloWallets questionnaire after which they will be categorized and given a budget plan. However individual circumstances change over time, and sometimes change abruptly. As the client moves across his life stages his information should be updated and changed accordingly, but this is not the case. Therefore HelloWallet might suffer from information processing bias known as Anchoring & Adjustment Bias. This will lead to the clients results being anchored to assumptions and information that does not check into true anymore.In fact, the Adaptive Market Hypothesis states that adapting is actually necessary for survival thus, changes need to be applied to the software occasionally to improve chances of clash clients goals. Anchoring and adjustment bias will make it more difficult for clients to adapt. If the users have a bad experience due to this bias, HelloWallet will start losing business to its competitors. also the lack of personal interaction with customers will re sult in uncomfortable clients that will not understand the effects of short-term deprivation in relation to the overall long-term savings outcome.The lack of personal interaction will also destroy value. The company will not be able to build and maintain a consistent approach with its clients, if they are dealing with a computer. If there is no relationship building, the client will move to the competitor or just do his budget by himself after the first negative experience. It might not be sustainable, and might prove hard to retain customer value using this approach.In addition to that, research showed that people tend to behave impatiently today but plan to act patiently in the future. This is known as self-control bias. The all point of financial planning is to be able to help client to better allocate their financial resources to play off their short-term liabilities and goals while saving for future or long terms needs. The efficiency of HelloWallet advice on personal financia l planning depends on how responsive client will be to their advice. In this case, this bias could be an issue, as clients will tend to choose what they prefer (short term satisfaction) instead of what suit best to their financial situation and neglect the long term.

Corn Pone Opinions Essay

In Mark Twains essay Corncornpone Opinions he uses different strategies to express his position on how peoples actions and thoughts are excessively influenced by others. He changes the pronoun I to we. Twain does this by offset explaining his own opinion then addresses everyone else as a collaborative group in order to support his point. He basically states that people follow trends whether they the likes of them or not. He gives a few examples to support his point. The anecdote that Twain uses of a young slave named Jerry that had such a talent for preaching helps divulge his argument in an interesting way. Twain carries the idea that men are made up of societys thoughts and opinions.Twain feels that everyone will accept the human races opinions only for the satisfaction of ones selfapproval. Twain expresses to the reader that we all in a sense sacrifice our own singularity to be accepted by society. Corn Pone Opinions are the group of belief with which we each join as an impuls ive mode to fit in, as Twain says, the instinct that moves to conformity did the work. It is our nature to conform it is a force which not many can successfully resist what is its seat, the inborn necessary of selfapproval.

Life in the Country Verse Life in the City

Life in the City VS. Life in the rural Even though amenities atomic number 18 more accessible when you live in a big city, it is healthier to live in the sylvan because of the differences in culture and the surroundings. It is healthier and safer to live in the country rather than in the city for a number of reasons, one being that at that mastermind is little congestion by in the country. With congestion and over population of a city brings gangs and violence. With gangs come drugs, killings, and murders.People become very territorial when a blank is over crowed or congested. It was reported that last year in the first week of summer in Battle Creek, Michigan, there was a total of 13 shootings all associate to either gangs or drugs. When you live out in the country there are less people nutriment right on top of each(prenominal) other. There isnt a large amount of crime and acts of violence, because people have their space and they respect others space as well. They dont determine as though they have to fight to keep what they have because there is plenty to go around.With that being said it is my personal opinion that with more space there is less drama that would build up the kinds of animosity that would make someone want to commit murder. Which is why growing up in the country I cant remember a time when we had to make certain that our doors and windows were locked, that goes for both our domicil and our vehicles. Not only is there an increase in crime there is as well as an increase in pest, rodents, and critters. There are more cases of cockroach infestations in a larger city then there is out in the country that is all because of the congestion.Having to live with cockroaches creates a major health hazard because of the risks posed by cockroach antigens for people who suffer from asthma, also because they carry disease-causing germs. Some of the methods people traditionally use to eliminate them cause additional health hazards. Pesticides are never healthy to let out in to regular(a) ingest. If you put down bate to kill them you risk them tracking it all over your home. If you have pets you have to worry about them consuming it before the cockroaches.Another charge people commonly try to treat a cockroach infestation is to bomb their house. There is a reason you cant be home for this kind of treatment, and why you need to open all the windows in your home at least an hour before you can return. It is very unwholesome to come about in. Cockroach antigens are made up of proteins that can be found in the insects saliva, feces, eggs, and shredded cuticles. These antigens can cause allergic reactions and wheezing episodes when they are inhaled because they are airborne.According to health house, A large study supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has demonstrated conclusively that the crew of cockroach allergy and exposure to the insects is an important cause of asthma-rela ted illness and hospitalizations among children in U. S. inner-city areas. There is a major difference in the surroundings that can regard a persons health from living in a larger city versus living in the country. The food that we consume in a larger city is so full of preservatives and additives. There are more fast food restaurants available for a quick meals.Some of the side effects of eat out and ordering in all of the time include high cholesterol, and clogged arteries. The majority of foods found out in the country are organic, because they are home grown. Living in the country as a child we always had a garden with fresh vegetables. Another difference is the air that we breathe when living in a larger city, because there are so many fast food chains and factories, there is higher pollution in the air. For extremely larger cities like Chongqing, Beijing, and Shanghai they have smog alerts where you have to wear a protective mask to prevent you from brea affaire in harmful pollutants.When you live in the country youre not at risk of this because there arent as many factories creating these pollutants, so the air is crisp and fresh. The slash thing you have to worry about in the country is when farmers lay down the fertilizer for their crops that is an unpleasant smell. One good thing about living in a larger city as opposed to living out in the country would be that there are hospitals. When you live out in the country there arent as many hospitals available to you.Just like with everything else there is so much more open space and less people, which create less reasons and finances to have a hospital, because there are fewer reasons for health risks and that you are less likely to have to rush remove to an emergency room, doesnt mean that there shouldnt be one close by you never know what king happen. A farmer might get his hand caught in a machine while trying to perform routine maintenance. A child could ingest some sort of chemicals much(preno minal) as pesticides. This would have to be the only down fall I can see about life in the country versus living in a large city.However for an extreme emergency there is always an option of having an air lift. You can also still call 911 and have an ambulance out to your place maybe even sometimes faster than if you were living in the city just because there is less traffic. There are always going to be things that challenge our health, wellness, and survival however, the risks are higher living in the city as opposed to living in the country for two main reasons. rootage when living in the city there is so much more congestion, overcrowding, and diversity that can bring out the worst in people in this case, the worst of these brought out are drugs and violence.When you live out in the country you dont have to worry about these kinds of things as much. The second thing that challenges our health and wellness is what we consume. The air that we breathe to the nourishment we give to our bodies. We are not perfect but the little things that we can change to improve our stead the closer we can come to optimal health and wellness. References americanlungassociation. com battlecreekenquire. com healthhouse. com

Adolf Hitler and Napoleon Bonaparte Comparison

Hitler and Napoleon had numerous differences however I believe at that place were more similarities. Both leaders immigrated in the country they ended up ruling both(prenominal)(prenominal) conquered roughly of atomic number 63an countries both had radical views active wars, and both were surprisingly fast in their fighting.Nevertheless, the most significant similarities between Adolf Hitler and Napoleon Bonaparte is how they were current as monarchs in a society that was democratic beforehand and what they did for the countries after becoming monarchs.A hundred years before Hitler became Chancellor, Hegel, in a famous course of lectures at the University of Berlin, had pointed to the role of globe-historical individuals as the agents by which the Will of the World Spirit, the plan of Providence, is carried out.They may all be called Heroes, in as much as they have derived their purposes and their vocation, not from the calm regular course of things, sanctioned by the existin g order but from a concealed fount, from that inner Spirit, still hidden beneath the surface, which impinges on the outer world as on a shell and bursts it into pieces. (Such were Alexander, Caesar, Napoleon.)They were practical, political hands. But at the same time they were thinking men, who had an insight into the requirements of the timewhat was ripe for development. This was the very Truth for their age, for their world. . . .It was theirs to know this nascent principle, the necessary, forthwith sequent step in progress, which their world was to take to make this their aim, and to expend their energy in promoting it. World-historical men the Heroes of an epoch must therefore be accept as its clear-sighted ones their deeds, their words are the best of their time. (Hegel, 1902, pp. 31-32)Hitler probably held some such belief about himself from an early period. It was clear enough in the obstetrical delivery he made at his trial in 1924, (Hegel , 1902, p.117) and after he came out of prison those near him noticed that he began to hold aloof, to set a barrier between himself and his followers. After he came to power it became more noticeable.It was in March 1936, that he made the famous assertion already quoted I go the way that Providence dictates with the assurance of a sleep-walker. (Domarus, 2004)As soon as Hitler began to think and talk about the organization of the State it is clear that the metaphor which dominated his sagacity was that of an army. He saw the State as an instrument of power in which the qualities to be valued were discipline, unity and sacrifice.It was from the Army that he took the Fhrerprinzip, the leadership principle, upon which first base the Nazi Party, and later the National Socialist State, were built. Our Constitution, wrote Nazi Germ any(prenominal)s leading lawyer, Dr Hans Frank, is the will of the Fhrer. (Volkischer Beobachter, 1936). This was in fact literally true.The Weimar Constitution was never replaced, it was simply hang by the Enabling Law, which was renewed periodically and placed all power in Hitlers hands. Hitler thus enjoyed a more complete measure of power than Napoleon, since he had been careful not to allow the growth of any institution which might in an emergency be used as a check on him.Hitlers originality lay not in his ideas, but in the terrifying literal way in which he set to work to translate these ideas into reality, and his unequalled clutch bag of the means by which to do this. To read Hitlers speeches and table talk is to be struck again and again by the lack of magnanimity or of any trace of moral greatness.His comments on everything except politics display a cocksure ignorance and an ineradicable vulgarity. Yet this vulgarity of mind, like the insignificance of his appearance, the badly fitting raincoat and the lock of hair plastered over his forehead of the early Hitler, was perfectly compatible with brilliant political gifts.Accustomed to associate such gif ts with the qualities of intellect which Napoleon possessed, we are astonished and offended by this combination. Yet to underestimate Hitler as a politician, to dismiss him as an ignorant demagogue, is to make precisely the mistake that so galore(postnominal) Germans made in the early 1930s.The conception of the Nazi Party, the propaganda with which it must appeal to the German people, and the tactics by which it would come to powerthese were unquestionably Hitlers.After 1934 there were no rivals left and by 1938 he had removed the last checks on his freedom of action. Thereafter, he exercised an arbitrary rule in Germany to a degree rarely, if ever, equalled in a modern industrialized state.At the same time, from the re-militarization of the Rhineland to the invasion of Russia, he won a series of successes in fineness and war which established an hegemony over the continent of Europe comparable with that of Napoleon at the height of his fame.While these could not have been won wi thout a people and an Army willing to serve him, it was Hitler who provided the indispensable leadership, the flair for greedy opportunities, the boldness in using them.In retrospect his mistakes appear obvious, and it is easy to be complacent about the inevitability of his defeat but it took the combined efforts of the three most powerful nations in the world to break his hold on Europe.Luck and the disunity of his opponents will account for much of Hitlers successas it will of Napoleonsbut not for all. He began with few advantages, a man without a name and without support other than that which he acquired for himself, not even a citizen of the country he aspired to rule.To achieve what he did Hitler neededand possessedtalents out of the ordinary which in sum amounted to political genius, however evil its fruits (Taylor, 1950).The obvious weakness of Hitlers policy, the fault which destroyed him as sure enough as it had destroyed Napoleon, was his inability to stop. By the end of 1938 Hitler had transformed Germanys position in international affairs.He had everything to gain by waiting for a year or two before taking another step, sitting back to profit from the divisions and hesitations of the other European Powers, instead of driving them, by the fears he aroused, into reluctant combination. Moreover, a temporary relaxation of the rearmament drive would have had considerable economic benefits for Germany.According to General Jodl, at the height of the fighting in the West Hitler expressed his determination to appropriate with Russia as soon as the military situation made it at all possible. Hitherto he had always made it a condition of any attack on Russia that Germany must first be secure against intervention from the west.In his speech to the generals on 23 November 1939 he had repeated this condition, first laid shovel in in Mein Kampf We can oppose Russia only when we are free in the west. (Domarus , 2004). But, with Britain expelled from the Contin ent and left without an ally, was this not already as good as settled?Hitler was prepared to wait until the autumn to see if the British could be brought to admit defeat openly, but not longer. In the meantime, before July was out, even before the Luftwaffe had begun its full-scale offensive against the British, he gave orders to start preliminary planning for an attack on Russia.There is an obvious parallel with Napoleon in 1805 the French Emperor started planning the frame in eastwards which was to lead to Austerlitz while still maintaining his preparations for the invasion of Britain from the camp at Boulogne.In comparison, in the east, after throwing back the Russians in March 1943, in July the Germans launched a new offensive against their lines round Kursk. Half a million men, the finest troops left in the German Army, including seventeen panzer divisions equipped with the new heavy tiger tanks, were used to carry it out.After heavy and costly fighting the Russians not only succeeded in bringing the German attack to a halt, but on 12 July themselves opened an offensive (for the first time in the summer) farther north. Gradually their attacks spread along the whole front.On 4 exalted they retook Orel, and on 23 August Kharkov. On 23 September they recaptured Poltava, and on the 25th Smolensk, from which both Napoleon and Hitler had directed their invasions of Russia.From the re-militarization of the Rhineland to the invasion of Russia, he won a series of successes in diplomacy and war which established an hegemony over the continent of Europe comparable with that of Napoleon at the height of his fame. Luck and the disunity of his opponents will account for much of Hitlers successas it will of Napoleonsbut not for all.After the war, Adolf Hitler distanced himself from his family. Christa Schroeder summed it up He has no feelings for the family. (Schroeder, 1949, p. 115)It was more than thatHitler had little in common with his cousins in the country or with his siblings. He had outgrown them. He was rightly wary of Alois Jr. and his son Patrick, although they actually never harmed him.Perhaps they knew too much, but what they revealed in French and American papers was innocuous. Hitler was opposed to nepotism and criticized Napoleon for it. His feelings about his relatives were truly mixed. Though he remembered them in his will, he also gave orders to make the countryside around Dllersheim, one of the villages in his ancestral region (Ahnengau), into an artillery thread (Wake, 1977).Undoubtedly, Hitler and Napoleon had numerous differences however I believe there were more similarities. Both leaders immigrated in the country they ended up ruling both conquered most of European countries both had radical views about wars, and both were surprisingly fast in their fighting.Nevertheless, the most significant similarities between Adolf Hitler and Napoleon Bonaparte is how they were accepted as monarchs in a society that was democratic before and what they did for the countries after becoming monarchs (Taylor, 1950).Evidently, France and Germany needed someone because they were both in economic chaos. Both men were intent in building a new type of state with a new social order. Both leaders took the advantage of more or less unlimited power, assuming, however, this power very carefully and legally.